Sixty-five years ago this week, in the midst of a civil war and at
the tail end of the decades-long British Mandate of Palestine, the state
of Israel was born. The post-World War II era’s premier powers — the
United States and the Soviet Union — recognized the young state at once.
Official recognition from many other nations took longer; Spain, for
example, did not establish diplomatic relations with Israel until 1986.
Many of Israel’s neighbors, meanwhile, as well as more than a score
of other countries around the world, from Afghanistan and Algeria to
North Korea, Somalia, Yemen and beyond, have never officially recognized
Israel, while others that shared diplomatic relations have, at one time
or another, suspended or broken ties completely over the years.
Thus, in the seven decades since its birth on May 14, 1948, Israel — a
country roughly the size of New Hampshire — has arguably played a more
salient (and divisive) role in international geopolitics than any other
non-superpower on the planet. Surrounded by enemies, today and at the
hour of its creation, Israel remains what it has to some degree always
been — a kind of Rorschach state that assumes myriad shapes for myriad
observers: aggressor, defender, usurper, bastion, homeland.
For example, far from being universally celebrated, the period when
Israel won its independence — i.e., the era of civil war and of the war
against neighboring Arab states after May 14, 1948 — is commemorated by
Palestinians as Nakba, or “the catastrophe.” And no wonder, as
hundreds of thousands of Palestinians fled or were forced from their
homes during, and long after, those wars of the late ’40s. In recent
years, the contentious (to put it mildly) issue of Israeli settlements
and continued Palestinian displacement on the West Bank has added fuel
to what has always been a dangerous, smoldering fire.
In other words, for an awful lot of people around the Mideast and
around the world, the intractable “Palestinian problem” might be better
characterized as “the Israeli problem.”
In light of this fraught legacy — and the nature of the enmities that
have, in large part, come to define the region — long-time Middle East
watchers can perhaps be forgiven a certain pessimism when discussing the
prospects for a lasting peace from the eastern Mediterranean to the
Arabian Sea.
Here, however, through a series of pictures — most of which never ran
in LIFE — by Frank Scherschel, LIFE.com looks back not at the Mideast’s
thorny, enduring troubles, but at the immediate aftermath of Israel’s
independence. A conflict photographer who made some of the most
devastating images to emerge from the Second World War, Scherschel
brought to his coverage of Israel’s birth a correspondent’s cool, clear
eye, and a storyteller’s ability to find the smaller, quieter narratives
amid the ruin and chaos of a war-battered landscape.
For its part, in an article published just weeks after Israel’s
official independence — an article that featured some of the photos in
this gallery — LIFE magazine acknowledged the ancient hopes of the
Israelis at the dawn of their new nation, while presciently noting that
nothing, nothing at all, was ever likely to come easy to the fledgling,
embattled state:
In the deepening dusk on May 14, 1948 — which to them was the 24th day of the month of Iyar in the 5,708th year after creation — the Jews of Palestine gathered n their cities and villages to celebrate the most fateful moment in their history. The British mandate still had eight years to run, but already the last high commissioner, Gen. Sir Alan Cunningham, had retired to the cruiser Eurylas in Haifa harbor. There he sat watching the night creep across he eastern Mediterranean and the twilight envelop yet another fragment of old empire. He was too far offshore to hear the Jews chanting their ancient “Hatikvah” (Song of Hope), but he well knew the words: We have not forgotten, nor shall we forget, our solemn promise. …
In the all-Jewish city of Tel Aviv, Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion ended nearly 2,000 years of Jewish longing for a homeland with a great blow of his fist upon the speakers’ table. “The name of our sate shall be Israel,” he intoned, and a new nation was born.
Encouragement for the new state was not long in coming. Neither was trouble. Both the U.S. and Russia promptly recognized Israel and thus gave stature to the provisional government. When Dr. Chaim Weizmann was named first president — Weizmann at the time was in New York rallying support for his nation — he was invited to Washington for a 21-gun welcome.
But as these diplomatic bouquets were tossed, the embittered Arabs threw shells and bombs. From the ring of Arab states around Palestine the long-threatened attack had begun. King Abdullah of [the British protectorate of] Trans-Jordan sent his Arab Legion against Jerusalem and by week’s end had the Jewish defenders compressed into an ever-narrowing sector within the old walled city. Egypt’s planes repeatedly bombed Tel Aviv. Syria, Iraq, Lebanon and Saudi Arabia pitched in — for whatever their scattered efforts might be worth. Israel was born indeed, but the Jews would need of the Shield of David to keep their nation alive. More here:http://life.time.com/history/israel-at-65-photos-from-the-dawn-of-a-new-state-may-1948/#1
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